Noncoaxial Transcatheter Aortic Valve Deployment Creates Cusp-Specific Thrombogenic Microenvironments Through Altered Sinus Hemodynamics

Authors

Natarajan, T., Kim, J. H., Salgado, C. D., Jha, A., Baker, C., Sellers, S. L., Aslan, J. E., Hinds, M. T., Yoganathan, A. P., Dasi, L. P.

Abstract

Objective: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement has transformed the management of aortic stenosis; however, adverse outcomes, including leaflet thrombosis and hypoattenuating leaflet thickening, remain clinically significant concerns. Flow disturbances resulting from valve canting may alter local hemodynamics and promote thrombogenic conditions. We investigated how modest transcatheter heart valve canting alters cusp-specific sinus flow and washout and promotes localized thrombogenic microenvironments associated with leaflet surface thrombus formation using particle image velocimetry, a physiologic blood loop, and tissue analysis. Approach and Results: A patient-derived aortic root model was used to evaluate the hemodynamic and thrombogenic effects of THV canting at -10o (anti-curvature), 0o (neutral), and +10o (along-curvature). High-resolution particle image velocimetry quantified sinus flow fields and washout characteristics, and complementary whole-blood loop experiments enabled histologic assessment of leaflet-associated thrombus formation. Canting redistributed systolic jet orientation and sinus recirculation in a direction-dependent manner while preserving global hemodynamic measurements. The most spatially constrained cusp showed the largest increase in stasis and the slowest washout. In the right coronary cusp, anti-curvature canting increased the fraction of sinus area with velocity magnitude <0.05 m/s to 92% versus 43% in neutral and 10% in along-curvature deployments, and prolonged neo-sinus (T90) washout to 4.7 cycles versus 2.9 and 1.8 cycles, respectively. Histology localized surface-adherent platelet/fibrin thrombus to these poorly washed regions, most prominently on the right coronary cusp leaflet in anti-curvature deployments. Left and noncoronary cusp responses shifted with tilt direction, indicating redistribution rather than uniform worsening of thrombogenic conditions. Conclusion: Even modest noncoaxial deployment is sufficient to create sinus-resolved thrombogenic microenvironments that are not captured by global gradient or effective orifice area. Deployment configuration is therefore a modifiable determinant of post-TAVR leaflet thrombosis risk and may contribute to HALT.

Preprint server: bioRxiv
The authors list and abstract were imported from bioRxiv on 22 Apr 2026.

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