Authors
YOSHIDA, Y., Nishimura, Y., Itoh, H., Hasegawa-Takano, M., Takano, T., Wada, N., Tominaga, K., Ogawa, A., Iwasaki, W., Gotoh, Y., Itoh, T., Hayashi, T., Yoshizawa, S.
Abstract
Subcuticular bacteria (SCB) are widespread symbionts of echinoderms and often dominate the body-wall microbiome, suggesting important roles in host physiology. However, their diversity, metabolic properties, and host associations remain poorly characterized. Here, we report a novel dominant SCB lineage associated with deep-sea holothurians, Scotoplanes spp. collected from the Northwest Pacific. We recovered two high-quality genomes, including a 649-kb complete circular genome, and propose a new genus and species, "Candidatus Abyssoplasma scotoplanesicola", within Mycoplasmatota. The two genomes showed a highly reduced metabolic repertoire, lacking central pathways including glycolysis. In contrast, acidic cell-surface-associated proteins, including large proteins exceeding 5,000 amino acids, accounted for 27.6% of the complete genome and clustered near defense islands. Localized genome plasticity in these regions, revealed by comparison between the two closely related genomes, suggests a possible mechanism for diversification of cell-surface proteins at the host-symbiont interface. "Candidatus Abyssoplasma scotoplanesicola" occupied 76.4-98.9% of the body-wall microbiome of the Scotoplanes specimens. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed that these bacteria formed aggregates on the epidermal side of the body wall. Overall, this study provides genome- and spatially resolved views of dominant SCB in holothurians and offers evolutionary insights into host-interface diversification in the deep-sea holothurian body wall.
Preprint server:
bioRxiv
The authors list and abstract were imported from bioRxiv on 11 Aug 2026.
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