Authors
Preshaw, S. C., Fuller, M. E., Powell, C. J., Milne, K., Sewell, K., Adamson, M. B., Pearson-Lund, A., Joly, M., Goodwin, S., Shakerian, N., Taylor, N. J. S., Xu, M. Z., Bryce, T., Klassen, D., Smazynski, J. C., Boulanger, M. J., Nelson, B. H.
Abstract
Tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy can be effective against metastatic melanoma, including immune checkpoint-resistant disease, but current protocols require lymphodepletion and high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2), which can cause substantial toxicity. To overcome this limitation, we engineered a chimeric receptor, G2R, that generates an IL-2-like proliferative signal in response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a well-tolerated cytokine widely used in oncology. Human T cells expressing G2R expanded in vitro in response to G-CSF in place of IL-2 or interleukin-15 (IL-15), and the three cytokines induced broadly similar intracellular signalling and cytokine secretion profiles. In immune-competent mice bearing established B16-F10 melanoma, adoptive transfer of G2R-expressing, tumour-reactive CD8+ T cells followed by systemic G-CSF treatment induced profound T cell expansion. This was accompanied by complete, durable tumour regression in over 75% of animals without the need for lymphodepletion, exogenous IL-2 or any other therapy. G-CSF treatment induced transient neutrophil expansion in peripheral blood but no increase in intratumoural neutrophils or macrophages. G2R-expressing memory T cells persisted long-term and could be re-expanded upon G-CSF re-treatment, enabling rejection of second tumour challenges. Thus, G-CSF can be repurposed to enable clinician-controlled anti-tumour T cell responses of profound magnitude, efficacy and durability, an approach that is readily translatable to humans.
Preprint server:
bioRxiv
The authors list and abstract were imported from bioRxiv on 25 Oct 2026.
Advertisement
Stats
- Recommendations n/a n/a positive of 0 vote(s)
- Views 9
- Comments 0