Authors
Khoury, F., Habli, Z., Daorah, J., Xu, Y., Obeid, M., Cauwenberghs, G., Khraiche, M.
Abstract
Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs) are witnessing rapid growth in biomedical applications and are increasingly becoming an integral part of bio-electronic interfaces. High-performing OECTs are typically fabricated using multistep photolithography and conventional spin-coating and lift-off processes, and while printing techniques have emerged as promising alternatives, they still face challenges in achieving comparable resolutions, reproducibility and performance metrics. Several groups have demonstrated printed OECTs using PEDOT:PSS as the channel material, highlighting the promise of additive manufacturing for scalable bioelectronics. In this work, we build upon these advances and develop an optimized inkjet-printed OECT platform that achieves transconductance values up to 15 mS and sub-millisecond response times as low as 0.31 ms. Our approach systematically optimizes OECT geometrical parameters channel width, length, and thickness through precise patterning and oxygen plasma surface modification to overcome longstanding limitations in inkjet pr`inting resolution and reproducibility. The resulting devices exhibit outstanding electrical stability, high amplification, and fast dynamic response. Using a configuration optimized for biosensing, we demonstrate the detection of the heart failure biomarker NT-proBNP within a clinically relevant range of 10 to 400 pg/mL, with a sensitivity of 0.038% delta IDS/pg/mL. In a separate configuration on a flexible substrate tailored for in vivo biopotential recording, we showcase the device's capabilities by effectively capturing epileptic seizure progression in a rat model with high signal fidelity. This work demonstrates how careful process and geometry optimization can close the performance gap between printed and conventionally fabricated OECTs, enabling scalable, reproducible, and substrate-flexible bioelectronic platforms.
Preprint server:
bioRxiv
The authors list and abstract were imported from bioRxiv on 04 Nov 2025.
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