Summary
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system that accounts for 3%-5% of new cancer cases every year. RCC is originated from renal parenchymal tubular epithelial cells and has multiple overexpression of drug resistance genes. The median survival time of patients with RCC is only 12 months since resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are novel therapeutics that can lysis tumor cells directly or cause immune response in host patients that leads to tumor cells killing. In addition, OVs have also shown to generate robust intratumoral inflammatory responses allowing for eliminating the bystander tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment. OVs receive more attention since the approval of immunotherapy drugs by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Introduction
The current status of OVs for RCC is addressed with emphasis on the molecular and immunological hallmarks of RCC. Combination conventional RCC therapy approaches with OVs has been discussed in late years. RCC is thought to be a prototypical immunotherapy responsive malignant cancer due to the occasionally durable complete responses of the anti-tumor immune responses. Consequently, a significant amount of research has focused on immunotherapy of RCC recently. Studies have increasingly found that OVs have the potential to function as immune-modulating platforms in cancer treatment.
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