In Vivo PK/PD

Summary

Pharmacodynamics (PD) refers to the action of a drug to the body, involving receptor binding, post-receptor effects, and chemical interactions. Pharmacokinetics (PK) determines the onset, duration, and intensity of drug action. Successful drug discovery relies on the selection of drug candidates with good in vivo PK properties, as well as appropriate preclinical efficacy and safety. In vivo PK profiling is often a bottleneck in the discovery process.

In order to prove effective, a drug delivered to the patient must reach the necessary concentration in the plasma and in relevant tissues (as measured by PK). This is necessary to effectively modulate the activity of the target protein (as measured by PD) in the body. Incorporating in vivo PK/PD efficacy studies at the early stages of drug development program can significantly accelerate the selection of the most promising compounds. 

Introduction

PK/PD analysis is typically performed at every stage of the drug development process. As development is becoming more complex, time consuming, and cost intensive, Creative bioarray is looking to make better use of PK/PD data to eliminate defective candidates from the outset and identify those most likely to achieve clinical success.

Procedure

Available species
Mouse, Rat, Hamster, Guinea pig, Rabbit, Beagle dog, Mini-pig and Cynomolgus monkey.

Administration routes
Oral (PO), intravenous (IV), intraarterial (IA), intramuscular (IM), intraperitoneal (IP), intratracheal (IT), subcutaneous (SC), transdermal (TD), intranasal (IN), IV infusion, SC infusion, rectal, and topical administration.

Surgical techniques
Bile-duct cannulation (BDC), jugular cannulation (JVC), portal vein cannulation (PVC), carotid artery cannulation (CAC), mesenteric lymph duct cannulation, bile-duct ligation, and castration.

Sample types
Whole blood, plasma, serum, bile, feces, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, bone marrow, lymph node, other fluids and tissues.

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