Energy drink-induced white spot lesions on labial and lingual tooth surfaces in adolescents treated with lingual appliances: a retrospective cohort study.

Authors

Julia von Bremen, Dimitrios Kloukos, Lara Bettenhäuser-Hartung, Jonas Q Schmid

Published in

Clinical oral investigations. Volume 29. Issue 7. Pages 370. Jul 02, 2025. Epub Jul 02, 2025.

Abstract

The consumption of energy drinks with high sugar and acid content is common among adolescents and may contribute to the development of white spot lesions (WSL) during orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to assess the incidence and localization of WSL in adolescents with high energy drink consumption treated with completely customized lingual appliances (CCLAs).
Eligible for inclusion in this retrospective cohort study were adolescents (< 18 years) who underwent orthodontic treatment with CCLAs, consumed ≥ 2 energy drinks daily, and developed ≥ 1 new labial WSL on a non-bonded surface. High-resolution intraoral photographs before (T0) and after (T1) treatment were evaluated for the presence of WSL (yes/no) on maxillary and mandibular incisors and canines. Differences in WSL rates between labial and lingual surfaces were analyzed using paired t-tests (α = 0.05).
A total of 38 patients (mean age 15.2 ± 1.4 years; 11 females, 27 males) with 912 tooth surfaces were included. At T0, 70 (15.4%) labial surfaces and 5 (1.1%) lingual surfaces showed WSL. At T1, WSL increased to 243 (51.4%) labial surfaces and 45 (9.9%) lingual surfaces. Although the appliance was bonded only to the lingual surface, the incidence of WSL per patient was four times higher on the non-bonded labial surfaces: 4.3 ± 2.1 (36.0%) labial versus 1.1 ± 1.9 (8.8%) lingual. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001).
Orthodontic treatment with CCLAs in adolescents with frequent energy drink consumption was associated with significantly fewer WSL on bonded lingual surfaces compared to non-bonded labial surfaces.
Lingual orthodontic appliances are beneficial in patients at high-risk for WSL.

PMID:
40601131
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 02 Jul 2025.

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