Early Triassic super-greenhouse climate driven by vegetation collapse.

Authors

Zhen Xu, Jianxin Yu, Hongfu Yin, Andrew S Merdith, Jason Hilton, Bethany J Allen, Khushboo Gurung, Paul B Wignall, Alexander M Dunhill, Jun Shen, David Schwartzman, Yves Goddéris, Yannick Donnadieu, Yuxuan Wang, Yinggang Zhang, Simon W Poulton, Benjamin J W Mills

Published in

Nature communications. Volume 16. Issue 1. Pages 5400. Jul 02, 2025. Epub Jul 02, 2025.

Abstract

The Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction (PTME), the most severe crisis of the Phanerozoic, has been attributed to intense global warming triggered by Siberian Traps volcanism. However, it remains unclear why super-greenhouse conditions persisted for around five million years after the volcanic episode, with one possibility being that the slow recovery of plants limited carbon sequestration. Here we use fossil occurrences and lithological indicators of climate to reconstruct spatio-temporal maps of plant productivity changes through the PTME and employ climate-biogeochemical modelling to investigate the Early Triassic super-greenhouse. Our reconstructions show that terrestrial vegetation loss during the PTME, especially in tropical regions, resulted in an Earth system with low levels of organic carbon sequestration and restricted chemical weathering, resulting in prolonged high CO₂ levels. These results support the idea that thresholds exist in the climate-carbon system whereby warming can be amplified by vegetation collapse.

PMID:
40603845
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 03 Jul 2025.

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