Authors
Kasrin Saisahas, Asamee Soleh, Kritsada Samoson, Kiattisak Promsuwan, Jenjira Saichanapan, Sangay Wangchuk, Warakorn Limbut
Published in
ACS omega. Volume 10. Issue 28. Pages 30944-30957. Jul 22, 2025. Epub Jul 08, 2025.
Abstract
The use of benzodiazepines like diazepam (DZ) in drug-facilitated crimes necessitates the development of rapid, sensitive and portable detection methods. This study presents a sustainable, paper-derived laser-induced graphene (paper-LIG) electrochemical platform for ultrasensitive DZ detection in forensic investigations. The sensor was fabricated using a cellulose paper substrate treated with sodium tetraborate to enhance thermal stability, enabling efficient graphene conversion via optimized laser scribing. The physicochemical properties of paper-LIG were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Additionally, the effects of working and auxiliary electrode sizes on electrochemical performance were evaluated. The resulting paper-LIG electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, enabling direct DZ detection in beverage samples without complex pretreatment. Using an optimized voltammetric technique, the sensor achieved a wide linear range (1-1000 μmol L-1) and a low detection limit (0.4 μmol L-1). This platform demonstrated high selectivity, reproducibility (RSD 2.2%), and recovery (96.4-102.5%), confirming its reliability for forensic applications. Its low cost, scalability, and eco-friendliness make this sensor a promising tool for rapid on-site drug screening.
PMID:
40727721
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 29 Jul 2025.
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