Quaternary stratigraphy of Bayan borehole in eastern Songnen Plain and its paleoclimate significance.

Authors

Haonan Song, Zhongkai Liang, Mingxin Duan, Muxiao Liu, Liye Liu, Zhuo Chen, Shoude Han, Haicheng Zhang, Chuanfang Zhou

Published in

Scientific reports. Volume 15. Issue 1. Pages 32027. Aug 31, 2025. Epub Aug 31, 2025.

Abstract

The Songnen Plain is a key region for Quaternary stratigraphic research in Northeast China. In this area, the Quaternary strata of the Bayan borehole reached a thickness of 58.00 m, offering excellent potential for investigation and research. A comprehensive analysis of the borehole was conducted using lithological characteristics, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), electron spin resonance (ESR), magnetic susceptibility, grain-size distribution, and magnetostratigraphy. Based on these results, a polarity stratigraphic framework was established, subdividing the sequence into four units: the Holocene Series (0-1.50 m), Guxiangtun Formation (1.50-18.80 m), Harbin Formation (18.80-35.50 m), and Huangshan Formation (35.50-58.00 m). Chronostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental interpretations were derived to establish a Quaternary stratigraphic framework for the eastern Songnen Plain. Grain-size end-member analysis was applied to the Bayan borehole using the Analysize method to extract three effective grain-size components. EM₁ (6.72 μm) corresponded to the atmospheric background dust; EM₂ (21.20 μm) reflected the input from distal dust sources associated with southwesterly wind signals; and EM₃ (45.60 μm) indicated the proximal deposition influenced by winter monsoon intensity. Comparative analysis of magnetic susceptibility (MS), mean grain size (M_z), grain-size end-members (EM), and marine isotope stages revealed strong correlations, identifying multiple climate response events. In the eastern Songnen Plain, the Middle Pleistocene was marked by a transition from dry-cold to cool-moist conditions, with a boundary at approximately 250 ka. During the Late Pleistocene, the region experienced alternating phases of dry-cold and cool-semi-humid conditions. The Holocene was characterized by a warm and semi-humid climate. These findings provide a robust data foundation for refining the Quaternary stratigraphy of the Songnen Plain and offer critical insights into its formation history, stratigraphic evolution, and paleoclimatic development.

PMID:
40887523
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 01 Sep 2025.

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