Larvicidal Effects of Nanoliposomes Containing p-Cresol and Myristica fragrans Houtt. Essential Oil Against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes.

Authors

Aamir Ali, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir, Muniba Tariq, Hooria Ashraf Khan, Ayesha Muzamil, Kiran Zainab, Asjid Ghaffar

Published in

Neotropical entomology. Volume 54. Issue 1. Pages 97. Sep 10, 2025. Epub Sep 10, 2025.

Abstract

The control of dengue vector mosquitoes by utilizing plant-based eco-friendly larvicides is pivotal in suppressing the spread of dengue with minimum environmental toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of nanoliposomes containing p-cresol and Myristica fragrans Houtt. essential oil (EO) against Aedes aegypti L. and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) larvae. The constituents of extracted EO were assessed by GC-MS analyses. The in vitro and in silico inhibitory activities of p-cresol and M. fragrans EO against acetylcholinesterase and α-amylase enzymes of Larvae were assessed. Nanoliposomes were prepared and characterized and their Larvicidal activities were analyzed against 4th instar Aedes larvae. Major constituents identified from EO were α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, β-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, isopulegol, and myristicin. The results showed that both p-cresol and M. fragrans EO possess significant inhibitory activity against α-amylase. Moreover, M. fragrans EO also inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The molecular docking results also confirmed these inhibitory activities. Myristica fragrans EO and p-cresol as well as their nanoliposomes showed significant larvicidal activities against Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The LC₅₀ values of p-cresol (13 and 16 mg/L) were lower than M. fragrans EO (33 and 39 mg/L) against both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae, respectively. The encapsulation efficacy of nanoliposomes for p-cresol and M. fragrans EO was 78 to 82%. The hydrodynamic diameter of nanoliposomes was below 155 nm. The PDI and zeta potential values were Less than 0.2 and - 28 mV respectively, confirming the homogenous distribution and stability. Here, it is concluded that both M. fragrans EO and p-cresol possess significant larvicidal activities against Aedes larvae. The nanoliposomes of M. fragrans EO and p-cresol were stable and homogenous, and these have further improved the efficacy of M. fragrans EO and p-cresol.

PMID:
40931267
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 11 Sep 2025.

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