Authors
Geonhee Kim, Hyunbin Seong, Seung Hee Han, Hwa Rin Kim, Sung-Hwan Kim, Hye-Jin Ku, Hye-Jung Han, Chul-Hong Kim, Nam Soo Han
Published in
Journal of microbiology and biotechnology. Volume 35. Pages e2506028. Sep 24, 2025. Epub Sep 24, 2025.
Abstract
The viability and efficacy of probiotics are strongly influenced by their delivery form, especially under harsh gastrointestinal conditions. This study assessed the gastrointestinal resistance of encapsulated and free from Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, and evaluated the specific effects of digested free from strains on the gut microbiome. An in vitro digestion model simulating gastric and intestinal conditions was used to assess probiotic survival, followed by fecal fermentation to examine microbial and metabolic responses. The encapsulated probiotics, formulated with a multilayer matrix, demonstrated significantly higher viability and preserved membrane integrity than the free forms. Despite reduced viability, free from probiotics modulated the gut microbiota. Both strains promoted colonization of beneficial genera such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella, while maintaining microbial balance without inducing dysbiosis. Additionally, probiotic supplementation enhanced short-chain fatty acid production, particularly acetate and butyrate, indicating increased microbial fermentation activity. Notably, distinct ecological patterns emerged between the two strains, with L. acidophilus inducing dynamic shifts and recovery, and B. lactis contributing to structural stability. These findings underscore the importance of strain-specific selection and encapsulation strategies in developing targeted and effective probiotic interventions.
PMID:
41016814
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 29 Sep 2025.
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