Three-dimensional shrinking electronics on freestanding and freeform curvilinear surfaces.

Authors

Yangbo Yuan, Dongliang Chen, Jianyu Li, Bowen Li, Abu Musa Abdullah, Fatema Tuz Zohra, Wanqing Zhang, Xianzhe Zhang, Xin Xin, Mohammad Ali Amidian, Ankan Dutta, Feifei Shi, Huanyu Cheng

Published in

Science advances. Volume 11. Issue 41. Pages eaea8051. Oct 10, 2025. Epub Oct 08, 2025.

Abstract

Wearable electronics that adapt to three-dimensional (3D) surfaces are essential for next-generation smart internet of things (IoT), yet existing strategies remain limited because of fabrication complexity, material incompatibility, or poor structural control. Here, this work introduces a scalable yet versatile approach to design and fabricate 3D electronic systems by printing liquid metal patterns onto heat-shrinkable polymer substrates. Upon controlled thermal actuation, the 2D circuits transform into target 3D geometries with enhanced electrical performance. The resulting 3D shrinking electronics enable conformal antenna integration for IoT devices and gesture-interactive wearable interfaces. This low-cost, versatile platform offers a paradigm for customizable, shape-adaptive electronics in intelligent real and virtual environments.

PMID:
41061071
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 09 Oct 2025.

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