[Immunotherapy for urological cancers in 2025].

Authors

Anikó Maráz, Klára Koroncziová, Tímea Rozsvai

Published in

Magyar onkologia. Volume 69. Issue 4. Pages 461-470. Dec 12, 2025. Epub Oct 08, 2025.

Abstract

To review the development of immunotherapy (IO) for urological cancers (urothelial carcinoma - UC, renal cell carcinoma - RCC, prostate cancer - PCa , testicular germ cell tumors - TGCT) with a focus on the latest studies, combination strategies, and the messages of the 2025 guidelines.
Review of randomized phase II-III studies published in 2024-2025, international guidelines, and biomarker- guided approaches.
In UC, the combination of enfortumab vedotin and pembrolizumab has been a breakthrough and has become the new first-line standard, while maintenance and adjuvant immunotherapies have also been strengthened. In RCC, IO- TKI and IO-IO combinations show long-term survival benefits, but the IO-after-IO strategy has proven questionable. In PCa, the efficacy of immunotherapy is mainly limited to biomarker-driven subgroups (MSI-H/dMMR), while in TGCT, cisplatin-based treatment remains the standard, and the role of IOs is being evaluated in further studies.
By 2025, immunotherapy has become the therapeutic basis for UC and RCC, both in metastatic and curative treatments. In PCa and TGCT, immunotherapy options remain in the experimental phase, but research is ongoing with new combinations and biomarker-driven strategies.

PMID:
41385769
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 13 Dec 2025.

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