Does today's workload predict tomorrow's stress, fatigue, and other strain states? Exploring directionality in daily dynamics.

Authors

Raymond Hernandez, Stefan Schneider, Raeanne C Moore, Jeffrey S Gonzalez, Claire Hoogendoorn, Shawn C Roll, Haomiao Jin, Jason Fanning, Jack P Ginsberg, Elizabeth A Pyatak

Published in

Ergonomics. Pages 1-15. Jun 16, 2026. Epub Jun 16, 2026.

Abstract

We examined whether whole day workload predicts strain (e.g. stress, fatigue, impaired cognition) experienced on the next day, and/or whether strain predicts next-day workload. Data were analysed (using dynamic structural equation models) from 196 adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who completed two weeks of 5 to 6 daily ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys. Workload was assessed with a version of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) adapted for the whole day context. Higher overall workload during the day predicted a shorter sleep duration that night, as well as increased fatigue and slower perceptual speed the next day. In turn, increased stress, fatigue, and shorter sleep duration on one day predicted a higher perceived workload the following day. Among adults with T1D, strain and workload appear to reinforce each other across days, suggesting a potential feedback loop that may escalate if recovery is insufficient.

PMID:
42299461
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 16 Jun 2026.

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