Authors
Alberto Docampo-Seara, Mehmet Ilyas Cosacak, Kim Heilemann, Friederike Kessel, Ana-Maria Oprişoreanu, Markus Westphal, Özge Çark, Daniela Zöller, Josi Arnold, Anja Bretschneider, Alisa Hnatiuk, Nikolay Ninov, Catherina G Becker, Thomas Becker
Published in
PLoS biology. Volume 24. Issue 6. Pages e3003865. Jun 18, 2026. Epub Jun 18, 2026.
Abstract
Zebrafish, in contrast to mammals, regenerate neurons after spinal cord injury, but little is known about the control mechanisms of this process. Here we use scRNA-seq and in vivo experiments to show that sema4ab, mainly expressed by lesion-reactive microglia, attenuates regenerative neurogenesis by changing the complex lesion environment. After spinal injury, disruption of sema4ab doubles the number of newly generated progenitor cells and neurons but attenuates axon regrowth and recovery of swimming function. Disruption of the plxnb1a/b receptors, selectively expressed by neural progenitor cells, increases regenerative neurogenesis. In addition, disruption of sema4ab alters activation state and cytokine expression of microglia, such that fibroblasts increase expression of the cytokine tgfb3, which strongly promotes regenerative neurogenesis. Hence, we propose that sema4ab expression in microglia attenuates regenerative neurogenesis in multiple ways, likely directly through plxnb1a/b receptors and indirectly, by controlling the inflammatory milieu and tgfb3 levels. Targeting Sema4A-dependent signaling in non-regenerating vertebrates may be a future strategy to improve regenerative outcomes.
PMID:
42313864
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 19 Jun 2026.
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