Pulsed Charging-Induced Interfacial Stabilization Enables Highly Stable Iron Phosphate Electrode for Ultrafast Electrochemical Lithium Extraction.

Authors

Ziquan Wang, Zhujie Liang, Yongbing Tang, Xuehui Li, Minjun Kim, Yusuke Yamauchi, Libo Deng

Published in

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English). Pages e1780372. Jun 18, 2026. Epub Jun 18, 2026.

Abstract

Amid the soaring global demand for lithium, electrochemical lithium extraction using iron phosphate (FePO₄) electrodes is promising, yet its practical application in salt lake brines is severely constrained by high Mg²⁺/Li⁺ ratios. Herein, we unravel the intrinsic degradation mechanism by demonstrating that Mg²⁺ intercalation weakens the Fe─O bonds in FePO₄, triggering Fe²⁺ dissolution, and inducing the formation of Fe₂O₃ surface species that deteriorate electrode performance. To tackle this critical challenge, we propose a novel pulsed charging protocol where reverse potentials not only efficiently flush out surface-intercalated Mg²⁺ but also enrich Cl^- on the electrode surface, thereby modulating the electronic structure and lowering the Mg²⁺ deintercalation barrier. The FePO₄||Ag cell integrated with this protocol exhibits superior Li⁺ extraction kinetics (∼20 mg g^-1 h^-1), high LiCl product purity (99.95%), and exceptional cycling stability (800 h operation with ∼80% performance retention) in real salt lake brines. This work establishes a theoretical basis for electrode protection and provides a robust strategy to advance high-efficiency electrochemical lithium extraction.

PMID:
42313739
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 19 Jun 2026.

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