Theory of electron spin resonance scanning tunneling microscopy: the first decade.

Authors

Saba Taherpour, Denis Janković, Jose Reina-Galvez, Hoang-Anh Le, Christoph Wolf

Published in

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal. Volume 38. Issue 24. Jun 19, 2026. Epub Jun 19, 2026.

Abstract

Electron spin resonance in scanning tunneling microscopy enabled the study of electronic transitions of magnetic impurities on surfaces at the atomic scale. This ESR-STM technique allows to spectroscopically probe and coherently manipulate spins using an all-electrical method without oscillating external magnetic driving fields. Here, we aim to review recent advancements in ESR-STM. We will discuss possible fundamental mechanisms by which the electric field drives spin resonance based on Heisenberg exchange, Kondo scattering, and Anderson impurity models. We validate theoretical predictions against experimental observations, to understand how electronic correlations, spin exchange, and many-body effects manifest in ESR-STM signals. After reviewing coherent spin control in the STM junction, we discuss potential applications of the ESR-STM method for coherent multi-spin control which enables multiple-qubit operations. Finally, we address recent developments in coupled electron-nuclear spin systems, including hyperfine-resolved ESR spectroscopy, and the driving and polarization of nuclear spins in ESR-STM.

PMID:
42319967
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 20 Jun 2026.

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