Authors
Xinjing Yuan, Weiquan Li, Ying Pu, Chongxuan Liu, Yang Lei
Published in
Journal of hazardous materials. Volume 514. Pages 142732. Jun 17, 2026. Epub Jun 17, 2026.
Abstract
Mitigating agricultural phosphorus (P) loss and heavy metal contamination necessitates innovative and dual-functional soil amendments. Electrochemically recovered ferric phosphate (FePO4·xH2O) offers a promising solution for simultaneous P supply and in-situ heavy metals (HMs) immobilization, yet its specific kinetics and interfacial reactions remain unclear. Here, we recovered amorphous and calcined crystalline hydrated FePO4 (amo-/cry-FePO4) from phosphate-loaded real wastewater by our previously developed electrochemical method, and evaluated their potential for phosphate release and Cd2+ immobilization in aqueous solution. In the Cd2+-free system, amo-FePO4 (0.5 g·L-1) released up to 1.2 mg·L-1 PO43--P within 24 h at pH 6.5, a concentration proven beneficial for crop growth, which is 3.6-fold higher than that of cry-FePO4. In the Cd2+-bearing system, amo-FePO4 released 0.8 mg·L-1 PO43-, along with nearly 90% Cd2+ fixation, which is attributed to the high surface heterogeneity and short-range order structure. Solid characterization and sequential extraction analyses indicate that Cd2+ stabilization is dominated by inner-sphere binding and covered by a 15-nm Fe(III)(hydr)oxide-rich shell. This mechanism yields highly stable Cd2+ immobilization, with only 1.78% of the sequestered Cd2+ remaining in the unstably exchangeable fraction. Overall, our work reveals that wastewater-derived amo-FePO4 holds significant promise for simultaneous P supply and HMs immobilization.
PMID:
42320098
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 20 Jun 2026.
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