Behaviour Support in Dentistry Core Outcomes (BeSiDe-CO): A Core Outcome Set Development Study.

Authors

Caoimhin Mac Giolla Phadraig, Isabel C Olegário, Shaelynn Hsu, Maryam Al Zayer, Aisyah Binti Ahmad Fisal, Alison Dougall, Gareth B Kitchen, Henry F Duncan, Sarah Baker, Sharat Pani, Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni, Mandy Daly, BeSiDe COS Collaboration, Andrew Geddis-Regan

Published in

Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. Jun 19, 2026. Epub Jun 19, 2026.

Abstract

To develop a Core Outcome Set suitable for adults and children for use in studies of Dental Behaviour Support (DBS) techniques, including non-pharmacological DBS, sedation and General Anaesthesia research.
Two systematic reviews generated a preliminary list of candidate outcomes that were shared with Key Stakeholders (KSG) and Public Patient Involvement (PPI) groups, who shortlisted outcomes for further exploration. Patients, carers, clinicians, and researchers were invited to participate in a Delphi panel. A modified e-Delphi was used to generate prioritisation and consensus across outcomes. A subsequent series of consensus meetings with panellists, patient groups and professional stakeholder groups determined the final outcomes within the COS.
Twenty-three candidate outcomes were rated by 88 panellists in Round 1. The attrition rate between Rounds 1 and 3 was 21.6%. Thirty-four to 32 panellists attended the consensus meetings. The BeSiDe core outcome set for Dental Behaviour Support consisted of nine outcomes: acceptability, adverse effect, anxiety, behavioural response, cost, pain, therapeutic alliance, time and treatment completion. An additional subset of three core outcomes for use in pharmacological DBS studies was agreed upon: recovery, sedation effect and physiological monitoring. Each outcome was presented with a plain-language label and description to support consistent interpretation across stakeholders.
A core outcome set to be used across all DBS studies was produced covering both adults and children, with supplementary additional outcomes available to use in studies exploring only pharmacological DBS approaches. The list is for use in research, though there is obvious transferability to clinical practice.
COMET Initiative database (Study ID: 2101), registered September 2022.

PMID:
42321959
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 20 Jun 2026.

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