Authors
Yu-Huan Geng, Enlong Hou, Yao Lin, Jianhang Shi, Qing-Song Deng, Yu-Jue Qiu, Jiang-Feng Xing, Xin-Jing Zhao, Zhanhua Wei, Chengbo Tian, Yuan-Zhi Tan
Published in
Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). Pages e74278. Jun 21, 2026. Epub Jun 21, 2026.
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are key interfacial modifiers for inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs), yet their design is often constrained by a trade-off between suppressing molecular aggregation and maintaining efficient charge transport. Here we introduce a π-extended nonplanar molecular design to decouple interfacial morphology control from electronic coupling. Two tetracene-fused SAM molecules, tetraceno-fused carbazole phosphonic acid (PATCz) and tetraceno-fused dibenzazepine phosphonic acid (PATDBAz), were synthesized via dehydrocyclization. While PATCz forms a helicene-like twisted structure, PATDBAz adopts a butterfly-shaped nonplanar geometry that enables Butterfly-shaped π-extended "wings" to form effective intermolecular π-π stacking while preventing excessive aggregation. This structural feature promotes ordered interfacial assembly, improved energy-level alignment, and efficient hole transport. Consequently, PATDBAz-based IPSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 26.47% and retain 97.5% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h under International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability light-soaking level 1 (ISOS-L-1) conditions. This work highlights π-extended nonplanar frameworks as an effective strategy for designing high-performance SAMs in perovskite photovoltaics.
PMID:
42324863
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 22 Jun 2026.
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