[Study on predictive indicators for early efficacy of cluster immunotherapy in patients with dust mite-induced asthma at a hospital in Liaoning Province from 2022 to 2024].

Authors

M Zhang, C Xu, H H Huang, T L Quan, Y Q Qian, D H Hou, H J Ma, R N Chai

Published in

Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]. Volume 60. Issue 6. Pages 853-863. Jun 06, 2026.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate predictive indicators for early efficacy of cluster immunotherapy in patients with allergic asthma (AS) in Northeast China. Methods: A single-center self-controlled before-and-after study was conducted to collect data from 93 patients with allergic asthma primarily induced by dust mite allergy. These patients underwent cluster immunotherapy at the Allergy Clinic of Northern Theater Command General Hospital from October 2022 to October 2024. There were 58 males and 35 females, aged 12-60 years (median: 16.00 years; mean: 24.20 years). Relevant clinical scales were collected at baseline (T0) and 6 months post-treatment (T1).Based on GINA(Global Initiative for Asthma) guidelines,the controlled/partially controlled patients were included in the Effective group and uncontrolled patients were included in the ineffective group. Factors potentially influencing early SCIT (subcutaneous immunotherapy) efficacy in dust mite-allergic asthma patients were collected. Internal validation was performed using the Bootstrap sampling method in R software. To ensure the robustness of the findings, sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the stability of the primary conclusions. Results: Among the 93 enrolled patients, significant improvements were observed in ACT, ACQ, VAS, and TMS scores at T1 compared to T0 (all P<0.001). Univariate analysis indicated that gender (χ²=4.468, P=0.035), ACT(asthma control test) score(Z=5.42, P<0.001), VAS(visual analogue scale) score(Z=2.463, P=0.014), TMS(total medicine score) score(Z=3.146, P=0.002), FVC%pred(The percent predicted value of the forced vital capacity)(Z=-2.339, P=0.019), Dp-sIgE(Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-specific immunoglobulin E) (Z=4.275, P<0.001), Dp-sIgE/tIgE ratio (%) (Z=6.036, P=0.003), and Df-sIgE(Dermatophagoides farinae-specific immunoglobulin E)/tIgE ratio (%) (Z=3.052, P=0.002) were associated with early efficacy (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified gender, ACT score (OR: 0.189, 95%CI: 0.066-0.545) and Dp-sIgE/tIgE ratio (%) (OR: 1.474, 95%CI: 1.234-1.76) as independent predictors (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the combined prediction model of the three had the best efficacy(AUC=0.93, 95%CI: 0.89-0.93). Using the Dp-sIgE/tIgE ratio alone, the AUC was 0.86, with an optimal cut-off value of 10.32%, sensitivity of 69%, and specificity of 97%. After internal validation by Bootstrap, the AUC for the Dp-sIgE/tIgE ratio was 0.864±0.035 (95%CI: 0.794-0.930), demonstrating good stability. Validation of the combined model resulted in an AUC of 0.940±0.020 (95%CI: 0.890-0.980), further confirming the model's reliability. Sensitivity analysis, adjusting outcome grouping to complete control versus non-complete control, indicated that the ACT score (OR=0.293, 95%CI: 0.102-0.840) and the Dp-sIgE/tIgE ratio (OR=1.024, 95%CI: 1.001-1.046) remained independent predictors of treatment efficacy (P<0.05). The AUC for univariate prediction was 0.720, whereas the combined prediction AUC increased to 0.800, underscoring the robustness and reliability of the results. Conclusion: Cluster immunotherapy demonstrates favorable short-term efficacy in patients with mild to moderate allergic asthma primarily triggered by house dust mites. Female gender, ACT score, and Dp-sIgE/tIgE ratio (%) are independent predictors of early treatment response in this patient population. The combined predictive model exhibits superior efficacy in predicting treatment outcomes. Additionally, the Dp-sIgE/tIgE ratio alone serves as an effective single-factor predictor, showing stable performance in internal validation. Both methods provide valuable insights for evaluating early treatment outcomes in patients with mild to moderate dust mite-induced allergic asthma undergoing standardized.

PMID:
42331524
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 23 Jun 2026.

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