Authors
Dana R Fletcher, Lisa M Sandy, Joy Waughtal, Cole Hoffman, Sylvie Novins-Montague, Patrick Hosokawa, Pamela N Peterson, Larry A Allen, Sheana Bull, P Michael Ho
Published in
The American journal of managed care. Volume 32. Issue 6. Pages e205-e211. Jun 01, 2026. Epub Jun 01, 2026.
Abstract
Mobile health (mHealth) interventions have promise as low-cost tools promoting behavioral change. We evaluated the implementation and maintenance costs of 3 text messaging strategies aimed at improving cardiovascular medication adherence.
The Nudge Study (NCT03973931) was a randomized pragmatic trial that evaluated prescription refill adherence across 3 health systems. We estimated costs over the 4-year study period.
After adjusting for inflation to 2023 US$, we calculated net non-research-related labor and materials costs in total and by The Nudge Study arm, assigning usual care a $0 cost. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) using observed cost; payoffs of the median reduction in number of gap days without medications; and the study's published rates of death, hospitalization, and emergency visits.
Program start-up costs were similar across the 3 health care systems (mean [SD], $2954 [$352]). Across the 53 months of the study and comprising start-up, implementation, and program delivery phases, the mean monthly cost to deliver all messaging strategies was $3949 and 1430 unique patients on average received any type of message monthly, resulting in an estimated cost of $2.76 per patient per month. ICER values were low, and there were no significant differences across treatment strategy or outcome.
Providing medication adherence support via mobile messaging may be a low-cost solution for some hospital systems.
PMID:
42335252
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 24 Jun 2026.
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