[Effects of Long-term Straw Returning and Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications on the Carbon and Nitrogen Footprint of Wheat Ecosystem in Guanzhong Area].

Authors

Yan Wang, Xing-Hui Song, Xu-He Zheng, Chang-Yue Liu, Jian-Qiang Yuan, A-Feng Zhang, Hang-Xian Lai, Jian-Bin Zhou

Published in

Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue. Volume 47. Issue 6. Pages 4084-4093. Jun 08, 2026.

Abstract

Straw return and nitrogen fertilizer application play a significant role in enhancing ecosystem productivity， but their impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon-nitrogen footprints remain uncertain. To elucidate the effects of straw return and nitrogen application rates on soil properties and winter wheat carbon-nitrogen footprints， this study was based on a long-term field experiment （initiated in 2003）， examining different straw management practices [straw not returned to the field （C） and straw returned to the field （F）] and nitrogen fertilizer treatments （N0， N120， and N240）， resulting in six experimental treatments： CN0， CN120， CN240， FN0， FN120， and FN240. The results indicate： ① Straw incorporation and nitrogen fertilizer application increased CO₂ and N₂O emissions from the ecosystem， with higher nitrogen fertilizer rates further exacerbating this effect. Straw incorporation contributed 8.52%-10.52% to CO₂ emissions and 30.31%-48.36% to N₂O emissions. ② Nitrogen fertilizer application increased wheat yield （P < 0.05）. Compared with that under the CN0 treatment， the average annual yield increased by 112.58% and 89.22% under the CN120 and CN240 treatments， respectively； compared with that under the FN0 treatment， the average annual yield increased by 95.78% and 106.66% under the FN120 and FN240 treatments， respectively. ③ The contribution rates of nitrogen fertilizer application and annual changes in soil organic carbon storage to the carbon footprint were 2.91%-86.07% and 22.35%-59.17%， respectively. NH₃ volatilization and NO₃^- leaching contributed 0%-57.70% and 0%-36.60%， respectively， to the nitrogen footprint. Straw return reduced the ecosystem carbon footprint， but nitrogen fertilizer application increased the ecosystem carbon footprint， with the lowest carbon footprint value of -5 726.64 kg·（hm²·a）^-1 under the FN120 treatment. Additionally， straw return and fertilization both increased the ecosystem nitrogen footprint. Considering crop yield and carbon and nitrogen footprints comprehensively， straw return combined with 120 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen fertilizer application is the optimal farmland management measure in the Guanzhong Region， providing a reference for optimizing straw management and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from farmland ecosystems.

PMID:
42336448
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 24 Jun 2026.

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