Open-pore self-healing toward pitch-based hard carbon with optimized closed nanopores for enhanced sodium-ion battery performance.

Authors

Yuhang Hua, Tianyu Zhao, Shuwen Ma, Yingda Zheng, Na Han, Yan Song, Jingli Shi, Chang Ma

Published in

Journal of colloid and interface science. Volume 724. Issue Pt 1. Pages 141030. Jun 25, 2026. Epub Jun 25, 2026.

Abstract

Hard carbon derived from coal liquefaction pitch is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries due to its low cost and high carbon yield. The closed-pore structure plays a critical role in determining its sodium storage behavior. Herein, an open-pore self-healing strategy is proposed to construct closed pores in pitch-derived hard carbon. In this strategy, open pores are first generated by activation and subsequently transformed into closed pores through thermally induced carbon atomic rearrangement. The optimized sample (AZC-0.5) exhibits abundant closed pores with a volume of 0.13 cm³ g^-1 and an average diameter of 1.36 nm, which are highly favorable for sodium storage. Consequently, it delivers a reversible capacity of 357.7 mAh g^-1 at 0.1C, with a plateau capacity contribution of 249.6 mAh g^-1. The material also shows excellent rate capability and cycling stability, retaining 189.3 mAh g^-1 after 500 cycles at 5C, and achieves an energy density of 205.6 Wh kg^-1 in full-cell configurations. This work provides a viable strategy for regulating closed-pore structures in pitch-derived hard carbon and offers new insights into the structure-property relationship governing sodium storage.

PMID:
42365712
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 29 Jun 2026.

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