Authors
Nora Atia, Yasser Osman, A F Abdel-Aziz, Sherif Refaat, Mohamed R Khalil, Manar Refaat
Published in
Molecular biology reports. Volume 53. Issue 1. Jun 30, 2026. Epub Jun 30, 2026.
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most frequent malignancies of the urinary tract.
This study aimed to investigate the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism (rs1799752) and bladder cancer risk in Egyptian patients.
Bladder cancer cases (n = 140) were diagnosed based on cystoscopy and confirmed by histopathological examination of biopsies. Fifty sex- and age-matched healthy individuals served as controls. Peripheral blood was used to extract the genomic DNA, and the ACE I/D (rs1799752) polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Genotype frequencies were comparable between groups (II:12% vs. 11.4%, ID: 76% vs. 74%, and DD: 12% vs14.3% in control and BC patients, respectively), with no significant difference in allele or genotype distributions (co-dominant model DD vs. II: OR 1.25, 95%CI 0.34-4.63, p = 0.751). However, within the patient group, the heterozygous genotype (ID) was significantly more prevalent in high grade tumors (P = 0.0177), muscle-invasive BC (MIBC, p = 0.0042), and poor prognosis cases (high grade + MIBC, P < 0.0017). The over-dominant model (ID vs. II + DD) showed a strong association with poor prognosis (OR = 4.8, 95%CI 1.96-11.78, p < 0.001). A trend toward higher ID frequency that did not reach statistical significance was observed in advanced stages (T3/T4, p = 0.058).
The ID genotype is strongly linked to the carcinogenesis of BC and with the poor prognosis, indicating its possible role as a predictive biomarker for risk assessment and progression in this population.
PMID:
42377753
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 30 Jun 2026.
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