Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of activity diversity with physical function in community-dwelling older adults.

Authors

Daijo Shiratsuchi, Shoma Akaida, Yuto Miyake, Kento Tabira, Ryota Kuratsu, Hiroki Nishi, Shoko Atae, Manami Fukumori, Takanori Iko, Hyuma Makizako

Published in

Aging clinical and experimental research. Jun 30, 2026. Epub Jun 30, 2026.

Abstract

The role of activity diversity across physical, cognitive, and social domains in preserving physical function remains unexplored.
To investigate the associations between multidomain activity diversity and physical function in community-dwelling older adults.
We analyzed data from 763 participants (mean age: 74.8 ± 6.2 years; 63.8% female) in the 2018 Tarumizu Study. Activity diversity was assessed using 12 items (physical, cognitive, and social activities; four per domain). High engagement was defined as participation in ≥ 3 within a domain. Participants were categorized by the number of highly engaged domains (0-1, 2, and 3). Low physical function was defined as low grip strength (< 28 kg for males; <18 kg for females) and/or slow gait speed (< 1.0 m/s). Logistic regression analyses examined cross-sectional (n = 763) and 5-year longitudinal (n = 175 among those without low physical function at baseline) associations.
Cross-sectionally, low physical function occurred in 45.3%, 29.1%, and 21.4% in the 0-1, 2, and 3 domain groups, respectively. Participants engaged in two or three domains had significantly lower odds of low physical function than those engaged in 0-1 domains. Over 5 years, incident low physical function occurred in 35.1%, 16.2%, and 11.4% of the 0-1, 2, and 3 domain groups, respectively, with significantly lower risks in the 2 and 3 domain groups, and a linear trend (p for trend = 0.023).
Engagement in ≥ 2 activity domains was associated with reduced risk of low physical function in older adults.
Maintaining diverse lifestyle activities supports physical function in later life.

PMID:
42377798
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 30 Jun 2026.

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