Authors
Kosho Katayama, Masayuki Nakamichi, Kazunori Yamada
Published in
Scientific reports. Volume 16. Issue 1. Jun 30, 2026. Epub Jun 30, 2026.
Abstract
Primate personalities are a phenomenon of widespread interest. Researchers have attempted to measure primate personalities using two main methods: personality ratings and behavioral observations. However, a lack of consensus exists on whether the same personality domains can be measured using different methods. In our study, we aimed to explore the personality structure of 32 free-ranging Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) using personality ratings and behavioral observations. A principal component analysis of personality ratings assessed via questionnaires (the Hominoid Personality Questionnaire) revealed three components: DominancePR, AnxietyPR, and FriendlinessPR. Behavioral observations across a wide range of measures in daily situations also revealed two Behavioral Components we term SociabilityBC and GroomingBC. The behavioral domains captured individual tendencies in sociability, particularly with respect to the extent of interaction with kin. Comparison of the domains identified by the two methods showed that no overlapping domains were found. Furthermore, subject attributes such as rank and age were associated with DominancePR and FriendlinessPR. This may be attributable to the lack of contextual information in the observational data. The concept of "personality coherence," whereby behavior changes according to situational demands, may be important for understanding the association between personality ratings and behavioral observations.
PMID:
42380162
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 01 Jul 2026.
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