Metagenomic analysis of ocular microbiome in aqueous humor from myopia, cataract, primary open angle glaucoma and Posner-Schlossman syndrome.

Authors

Wei-Jia Zhang, Zhen Yang, Jian-Qi She, Hong-Ling Wu, Zi-Yao Xia, Di Zhang, Ling-Ge Suo, Zhe Pan, Yu Zhang, Huai-Zhou Wang, Jing Hong, Chun Zhang

Published in

International journal of ophthalmology. Volume 19. Issue 7. Pages 1235-1248. Epub Jul 18, 2026.

Abstract

To characterize the composition and functional features of the aqueous humor microbiome in common ocular diseases, including myopia, cataract, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS).
We performed metagenomic sequencing on 176 aqueous humor samples from patients with cataract (n=37), POAG (n=66), PSS (n=35), and myopia patients (n=38, as controls). Taxonomic profiling, functional annotation, and diversity analyses were conducted to characterize microbial communities, with adjustments for age and gender where appropriate. Associations between microbial features and clinical parameters were evaluated using correlation analyses.
We identified 6635 bacterial, 141 archaeal, 96 eukaryotic, and 108 viral operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the aqueous humor. The microbiome was dominated by Actinomycetota and Pseudomonadota at the phylum level. Compared to myopia controls, POAG and PSS patients showed significantly reduced alpha diversity after age adjustment (P<0.05), whereas cataract patients showed no significant difference. Additionally, we identified disease-specific microbial signatures including enrichment of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in PSS. Functional analysis revealed enrichment of distinct metabolic pathways. Finally, correlations were observed between microbiota/pathway abundance and clinical phenotype, though none remained significant after multiple testing correction.
This study provides a preliminary characterization of the aqueous humor microbiome in patients with POAG, PSS, cataract, and myopia controls. The identified microbial signatures and functional pathways offer new insights into potential microbiome-mediated mechanisms in ocular pathophysiology and may inform future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

PMID:
42382960
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 01 Jul 2026.

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