Authors
Lingchang Wu, Chaoyi Qiu, Junwei Zhang, Zihao Tao, Xiang Liu, Zhixiao Cai, Haoxiang Yu, Lei Yan, Liyuan Zhang, Ting-Feng Yi, Jie Shu
Published in
Science advances. Volume 12. Issue 27. Pages eaef2744. Jul 03, 2026. Epub Jul 03, 2026.
Abstract
The quest for high-energy-density batteries has spurred interest in multielectron chemistry beyond conventional two-electron reactions. Here, we report a cascade battery that synergistically integrates gas-phase (Cl2 ↔ Cl-), liquid-phase (Cu2+ ↔ Cu+), and solid-phase (S ↔ CuS ↔ Cu2S) redox reactions within a deep eutectic solvent (DES) electrolyte. This unique gas-liquid-solid triphase coupling strategy unlocks a seven-electron transfer process. In particular, the chloride-rich DES electrolyte fundamentally alters the copper (Cu) redox thermodynamics, enabling a reversible liquid-phase Cu2+/Cu+ couple via the formation of stable [CuCl3]2- complexes, which prevents disproportionation. The resulting cascade cell delivers an ultrahigh specific capacity of 4426.4 milliampere hours per gram [based on sulfur (S)] and exceptional cycling stability (88.5% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 10 C). Furthermore, a practical pouch cell configuration achieves a high operating voltage of 1.5 volts and a remarkable energy density of 6917 watt-hours per kilogram (based on S; 2767 watt-hours per kilogram based on the total mass of the cathode), substantially surpassing most aqueous S-based systems. Ultimately, this work underscores that the strategic integration of orchestrated gas-liquid-solid triphase chemistry transcends the capacity limits of conventional single-phase reactions, demonstrating a viable pathway toward a next-generation paradigm for ultrahigh-energy-density storage.
PMID:
42397915
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 04 Jul 2026.
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