Differential associations of longitudinal hearing and vision trajectories with dementia and mild cognitive impairment in older adults.

Authors

Junyoung Shin, So Eun Kim, Jiseong Kim, Su-Young Kim, Jee Eun Sung

Published in

Scientific reports. Jul 04, 2026. Epub Jul 04, 2026.

Abstract

Hearing and vision impairments are modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline, yet their longitudinal contributions to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia remain unclear. This study examined differential associations of baseline sensory function and longitudinal sensory trajectories with cognitive status at Wave 9. Nine waves of data (2006-2022) from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging were analyzed, including 11,146 participants aged 45 years and older. Parallel process latent growth modeling was used to examine associations between baseline hearing and vision, their rates of change over time, and cognitive status at the final wave (cognitively normal, MCI, dementia). More rapid hearing decline was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of being classified in the dementia group. Poorer baseline vision was associated with a higher likelihood of being classified in the MCI group. In contrast, baseline hearing and longitudinal vision decline were not significantly associated with MCI or dementia classification, respectively. These findings indicate that longitudinal hearing decline shows a stronger association with dementia classification than visual impairment, whereas poorer baseline visual function may be more strongly associated with earlier-stage cognitive status.

PMID:
42401732
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 05 Jul 2026.

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