[The application of artificial intelligence in healthcare: benefits, challenges, and issues of responsibility].

Authors

Ibolya Pásztor, Annamária Papp, Klára Bíró, Gábor Bányai-Márton, Zoltán Papp

Published in

Orvosi hetilap. Volume 167. Issue 27. Pages 1079-1087. Jul 05, 2026. Epub Jul 05, 2026.

Abstract

Artificial intelligence is playing an increasingly important role in healthcare, particularly in diagnostics, clinical decision support, personalized medicine, robotics, administration, and medical education. At the same time, the clinical use of artificial intelligence raises not only technological opportunities but also ethical, data protection, and legal challenges. The aim of our study was to provide an integrated overview of the main benefits and risks of artificial intelligence applications in healthcare, with particular emphasis on liability-related issues.
We conducted an interdisciplinary, narrative critical review of the literature. Scientific and regulatory sources were analyzed using content analysis, thematic analysis, and critical discourse analysis, with the integration of clinical, ethical, legal, and data protection perspectives.
Based on the reviewed literature, artificial intelligence may improve diagnostic accuracy, support personalized decision-making, reduce administrative burden, contribute to better access to care, and create new opportunities in robotics and medical education. However, algorithmic bias, the lack of transparency resulting from the "black box" nature of many artificial intelligence systems, data protection and cybersecurity risks, as well as uncertainties related to social acceptance, represent major challenges. Our most important finding is that these issues converge in the question of clinical liability, while the traditional physician-centered model of responsibility appears increasingly insufficient.
The use of artificial intelligence in healthcare can only be sustainable and legitimate within an integrated, liability-centered framework. Reconsidering the distribution of responsibilities among developers, healthcare institutions, and clinicians, as well as strengthening institutional guarantees of transparency, human oversight, patient autonomy, and data protection is essential for the safe implementation of artificial intelligence in healthcare. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(27): 1079-1087.

PMID:
42402141
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 05 Jul 2026.

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