Areas of endemism of Malvales: Insights for conservation in the Atlantic Forest and Dry Diagonal.

Authors

Vania Nobuko Yoshikawa, Marília Cristina Duarte, Fausto Erritto Barbo, Júlia Sousa Siqueira, José Rubens Pirani

Published in

Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society. Jul 06, 2026. Epub Jul 06, 2026.

Abstract

The Atlantic Forest (AF) and the Dry Diagonal (DD) include tropical and dry forests in South America, and they have a high diversity of species in the order Malvales. This work aimed to find areas of endemism (AEs) in the AF and DD using Malvales as a model. We obtained all preserved specimen data of Malvales stored in GBIF in 2024 and constructed a dataset by removing the duplicate entries and records outside the AF and DD, identifying all specimens (accepting identifications made by specialists), and estimating and validating coordinates. We found 52 consensus areas of endemism (cAEs), of which most are in the AF. The Espinhaço Mountain Range has the highest value of endemism and number of endemic species. Most of our cAEs are inside protected areas, unlike the cAE in the state of Ceará, which has no protected areas. We corroborate previous studies about AEs in South America and provide further evidence of the major role climatic conditions play as drivers for speciation instead of geographical vicariant events. More studies are needed to provide data for testing this hypothesis, and it is urgent to create protected areas in the state of Ceará.

PMID:
42410893
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 07 Jul 2026.

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