Authors
A Aceituno, M Aguilar, B Alpat, G Ambrosi, H Anderson, J Antunes, L Arruda, N Attig, C Bagwell, F Barao, M Barbanera, L Barrin, A Bartoloni, R Battiston, A Bayyari, N Belyaev, B Bertucci, V Bindi, K Bollweg, J Bolster, M Borchiellini, B Borgia, M J Boschini, M Bourquin, C Brugnoni, W J Burger, H Y Cai, X D Cai, M Capell, J Casaus, J Cassidy, G Castellini, F Cervelli, Y H Chang, G M Chen, G R Chen, H Chen, H Chen, H S Chen, Y Chen, L Cheng, H Y Chou, S Chouridou, V Choutko, C H Chung, C Clark, G Coignet, C Consolandi, A Contin, C Corti, Y X Cui, Z Cui, K Dadzie, F D'Angelo, A Dass, C Delgado, S Della Torre, M B Demirköz, L Derome, S Di Falco, V Di Felice, C Díaz, F Dimiccoli, P von Doetinchem, F Dong, M Dotson, M Duranti, A Egorov, A Ellison, F Faldi, D Fehr, J Feng, E Fiandrini, P Fisher, V Formato, R J García-López, A Galdames, C Gargiulo, H Gast, T T Ge, M Gervasi, L E Ghezzer, F Giovacchini, D M Gómez-Coral, J Gong, D Grandi, M Graziani, R Guidetti, C Guan, Z H He, B Heber, F Hernández-Nicolás, L Höfer, T H Hsieh, J Y Hu, B W Huang, M Ionica, M Incagli, Yi Jia, H Jinchi, T Kappe, E Karadöller, G Karagöz, J Kastelic, Th Kirn, O Kounina, A Kounine, V Koutsenko, D Krasnopevtsev, A Kuhlman, A Kulemzin, G La Vacca, E Laudi, G Laurenti, I Lazzizzera, H T Lee, S C Lee, H L Li, J H Li, J Q Li, M Li, Q Li, Q Li, Q Y Li, S L Li, Z H Li, P Liao, C H Lin, T Lippert, P C Liu, Z Liu, S Q Lu, J Z Luo, Q Luo, S D Luo, Xi Luo, C Mañá, J Marín, G Martínez, N Masi, D Maurin, T Medvedeva, A Menchaca-Rocha, Q Meng, V V Mikhailov, M Molero, P Mott, L Mussolin, Y Najafi Jozani, R Nicolaidis, N Nikonov, F Nozzoli, J Ocampo-Peleteiro, A Oliva, M Orcinha, F Palmonari, M Paniccia, A Pashnin, M Pauluzzi, D Pelosi, S Pensotti, D Perez, P Pietzcker, V Plyaskin, S Poluianov, D Pridöhl, N Puccetti, Z Y Qu, L Quadrani, M M Rafiei, P G Rancoita, D Rapin, E Robyn, I Rodríguez-García, L Romaneehsen, F Rossi, A Rozhkov, D Rozza, R Sagdeev, S Schael, A Schultz von Dratzig, G Schwering, E S Seo, B S Shan, A Shukla, T Siedenburg, A Siemko, G Silvestre, D Schledewitz, J W Song, X J Song, R Sonnabend, A Strekalovsky, L Strigari, A Stuzhin, T Su, Q Sun, Z T Sun, L Tabarroni, M Tacconi, Z C Tang, J J Teoh, J Tian, Ye Tian, Y Tian, Samuel C C Ting, S M Ting, N Tomassetti, J Torsti, A Ubaldi, I Usoskin, V Vagelli, R Vainio, P Väisänen, M Valencia-Otero, E Valente, E Valtonen, E Van Hove, M Vázquez Acosta, M Vecchi, M Velasco, J C Wang, L Q Wang, N H Wang, S Wang, X Wang, Z M Wang, M Waqas, Z L Weng, H Wu, Z B Wu, J N Xiao, R Q Xiong, Y Z Xiong, W Xu, Q Yan, Z X Yan, H T Yang, Y Yang, H Yi, Y H You, M Yu, Y M Yu, Z Q Yu, B Q Yuan, C Zhang, F Z Zhang, J Zhang, J H Zhang, Z Zhang, P W Zhao, Z M Zheng, H F Zhou, H L Zhuang, V Zhukov, L K Zou, M Zuberi, P Zuccon, AMS Collaboration
Published in
Physical review letters. Volume 136. Issue 24. Pages 241002. Jun 19, 2026.
Abstract
We report the unique properties of cosmic phosphorus (P), chlorine (Cl), argon (Ar), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) fluxes in the GV to TV rigidity range collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station. With a total of one million events collected over 13.5 years, we observed that the rigidity dependencies of the five fluxes are well described by the sums of a primary cosmic ray component and a secondary cosmic ray component. The abundance ratios of all five elements to Si at the source are accurately determined independent of cosmic ray propagation. The source abundance of Ar and Ca (even-Z elements) is larger than P, Cl, and K (odd-Z elements). The secondary components of the P and the Cl fluxes are each ∼1/3 of the F flux, and the secondary components of the Ar, K, and Ca fluxes are each ∼1/2 of the F flux. The twenty elements measured by AMS, from He to Ca and Fe, can be categorized into four classes, two primary and two secondary, based on their rigidity dependence.
PMID:
42412485
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 07 Jul 2026.
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