Generalized Gross-Pitaevskii Equation for 2D Bosons with Attractive Interactions.

Authors

Michał Suchorowski, Fabian Brauneis, Hans-Werner Hammer, Michał Tomza, Artem G Volosniev

Published in

Physical review letters. Volume 136. Issue 24. Pages 243402. Jun 19, 2026.

Abstract

We introduce a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation that provides a nonlinear framework for studying 2D attractive Bose systems. Its defining feature is the logarithmic density dependence of the coupling constant, which breaks the scale invariance inherent in the standard mean-field equations. This framework allows straightforward calculations of the system properties arising from the quantum anomaly. As a first illustration, we study universal bound states in free space, commonly referred to as quantum droplets. Then, we analyze breathing modes and quench dynamics in trapped systems, paving the way for a systematic exploration of nonequilibrium phenomena in 2D attractive Bose systems. Finally, we predict the existence of universal excited states, including vortex configurations, which may be more accessible to experimental investigation than the ground state. Our results provide a robust theoretical foundation for studying both static and dynamical properties of finite systems, and offer guidance for the design of future experiments.

PMID:
42412439
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 07 Jul 2026.

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