Insights into the regulatory roles of LIKE-HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 and its targeting to different nuclear compartments modulated by NLS and the conserved domains in the moss Physcomitrium patens.

Authors

Bhawana Goel, Sanjay Kapoor, Meenu Kapoor

Published in

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology. Volume 127. Issue 1. Pages e71032.

Abstract

LIKE-HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) is a polycomb group protein that exists in shared multiprotein complexes that harbor core PRC1 and PRC2 proteins. We previously characterized LHP1 in the moss Physcomitrium patens and showed that its function is closely linked with regulation of RNA metabolic processes and the protein is distributed in the nucleoplasm, subnuclear foci, and the nucleolus. To gain mechanistic insight into PpLHP1-mediated gene regulation, in the present study genome-wide changes in transcript profiles of genes affected by loss-of-PpLHP1 function were studied using pplhp1 mutants. RNA-seq analysis reveals a key role for PpLHP1 in regulating energy metabolic processes, ribosome-related pathways, stress signaling/responsive pathways, DNA transcription, etc. ChIP using H3K27me3 coupled with qRT-PCR shows that PpLHP1 suppresses transcription at 5S rRNA promoters and the untimely activation of genes regulating developmental transition by PRC2-dependent and independent mechanisms. To study how PpLHP1 finds its targets in different nuclear compartments and the roles of the multiple NLSs and the conserved domains in guiding the protein, FRAP and deletion studies were performed. These show that PpLHP1 is a mobile protein that diffuses freely in the nucleoplasmic space showing different retention times in the nucleolus, nucleoplasm, and the subnuclear foci indicating its differential affinity for targets at these sites. Expression of PpLHP1 fragments in protonema cells and its subsequent visualization under confocal microscope shows that localization of PpLHP1 to different subnuclear compartments is guided by the monopartite NLS2, CD, and CSD that also play a key role in promoting subnuclear foci formation in the nucleoplasm.

PMID:
42413125
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 08 Jul 2026.

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