The Role of Control-Based Expectancies and Resilience in Dimensions of Burnout and Work Engagement: A Study of Caregivers in Long-Term Care Settings.

Authors

Ana M Nieto-Carracedo, Israel Contador, David L Palenzuela, Francisco Ramos, Bernardino Fernández-Calvo

Published in

Journal of healthcare management / American College of Healthcare Executives. Volume 71. Issue 4. Pages 253-266.

Abstract

This study examines the associations between different control-based expectancies (CBE) (i.e., beliefs referring to personal control of events that are internal, or resulting from one's actions, rather than from external outside forces, such as luck) and resilience (i.e., the ability to thrive in the face of adversity) with burnout and work engagement dimensions in professional caregivers of older adults.
We evaluated a sample of 265 professional caregivers who worked in long-term care facilities, using a comprehensive standardized protocol. Internal CBE (i.e., self-efficacy, success, and contingency) versus external CBE (i.e., helplessness and luck) and resilience were assessed with standardized scales. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale were used to evaluate burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy) and work engagement (i.e., vigor, dedication, absorption) dimensions, while the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the Battery of Generalized Expectancies of Control were used to measure resilience and CBE, respectively.
Internal CBE and resilience were negatively associated with burnout dimensions. In particular, hierarchical regression models showed that success expectancy was the main predictor of all burnout dimensions, whereas resilience was only significantly associated with cynicism. Concerning work engagement, resilience was the most powerful and consistent predictor for all dimensions. Moreover, resilience mediated the association between internal CBE (i.e., success and self-efficacy) and work engagement dimensions.
This study supports the specific role of internal CBE and resilience in reducing burnout and promoting work engagement among professional caregivers. In practice, these findings may encourage health managers to develop strategic interventions in long-term care settings, targeting both organizations and individuals.

PMID:
42413015
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 08 Jul 2026.

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