Authors
Thao V N Nguyen, Siew Yen Ho, Tin N Do
Published in
JACC. Asia. Volume 6. Issue 7. Pages 1019-1032.
Abstract
Perimembranous ventricular septal defect is a common congenital heart disease effectively treated by transcatheter device closure with high success rates and minimal complications. This review categorizes perimembranous ventricular septal defects into 7 morphologic variants based on anatomical extension and correlates these with echocardiographic classifications: type 1 is central perimembranous; type 2 is superior-anterior extension; type 3 is superior-posterior extension; type 4 is inferior-anterior extension; type 5 is inferior-posterior extension; type 6 is confluent extensions with more than one extension direction; and type 7 is complex type with outlet septum involvement. Type 2 defects are often associated with aortic valve prolapse and regurgitation, requiring soft, flexible devices to minimize valve injury. Type 5 defects lie close to the conduction system; deploying devices within an aneurysmal pouch helps prevent heart block and tricuspid regurgitation. Type 6 and 7 defects sometimes necessitate multiple devices for complete closure. Understanding these anatomical variants aids in selecting appropriate devices and optimizing procedural outcomes.
PMID:
42412691
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 08 Jul 2026.
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