Integrated SERS and Machine Learning Workflow for Nanoplastic Detection on a Plasmonic Membrane.

Authors

Amauri Horta-Velázquez, Erika Rodríguez-Sevilla, Angelica Hernandez-Rayas, Miguel A Vallejo, Eden Morales-Narváez

Published in

Analytical chemistry. Jul 08, 2026. Epub Jul 08, 2026.

Abstract

Nanoplastics pose increasing health risks, necessitating sensitive and reliable detection methods. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) offers high sensitivity and molecular fingerprinting capabilities, but faces challenges in variability and data interpretation complexity, particularly for large analytes such as micro- and nanoplastics. Here, we propose an analytical framework that combines a SERS-active plasmonic membrane─nanopaper functionalized with gold nanorods─ with a machine learning pipeline for the automated and semiquantitative detection of nanoplastics. The membrane format enables simultaneous collection and concentration of PMMA nanoplastics from aqueous samples. Our fully automated machine learning pipeline─integrating principal component analysis (PCA), Isolation Forests, K-means clustering, and an ExtraTrees classifier achieving 95% accuracy─enables interpretable, semiquantitative detection of PMMA nanoplastics without manual spectral analysis. Additionally, we incorporated an interpretability algorithm that identifies the vibrational modes driving the machine learning classification, yielding chemically validated and trustable predictions. After processing and interpreting the data with machine learning, semiquantification becomes feasible through peak-intensity calibration curves, with an estimated limit of detection of 0.02 μg mL^-1. This workflow demonstrates the feasibility of integrating a SERS-active membrane with a machine learning workflow to streamline sampling, detection, and automated data interpretation. This marks an important advancement toward the development of field-deployable SERS-based platforms for easy and user-friendly nanoplastic monitoring.

PMID:
42418803
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 09 Jul 2026.

Read full publication at:
Please sign in to see all details.

Stats

1-terrible, 9-excellent. How would you rate this publication? Sign in in to submit your rating.

Post a comment

You need to be signed in to post comments. You can sign in here.

Comments

There are no comments yet.