Authors
Ping Yu, Haiyan Wang, Xin Wang, Ting Bai, Chuanzhi Kang, Jie Zhou, Lei Fang
Published in
NPJ science of food. Jul 09, 2026. Epub Jul 09, 2026.
Abstract
This study established an efficient method for the microwave-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) extraction of saponins from the fibrous roots of American ginseng (SFRAG). The proposed method achieved a saponin yield of 18.68% within only 15 minutes. Notably, the obtained extract exhibited superior in vitro antioxidant activity compared to that of the traditional method, with DPPH IC50 values of 0.49 mg/mL vs. 1.92 mg/mL ABTS IC50 values of 1.29 mg/mL vs. 2.72 mg/mL, and FRAP values of 88.96 vs. 36.69 μmol TE/g, respectively. Comprehensive analyses using widely targeted metabolomic analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and correlation analysis indicated that the microwave-assisted NADES extract was enriched with rare saponins (e.g., ginsenoside Rg3, showing approximately a 2.0-fold increase based on relative peak area). Furthermore, the total content of saponins was higher than that obtained via the traditional extraction method. Upregulated metabolites in the microwave-assisted NADES extracts included ginsenoside Rg3, oleanolic acid, and dihydrophaseic acid, which are involved in the biosynthesis of various plant secondary metabolites, general metabolic pathways, and carotenoid biosynthesis. These upregulated metabolites exhibited a significant positive correlation with antioxidant activity. In conclusion, microwave-assisted NADES represents an efficient method for extraction of SFRAG.
PMID:
42426031
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 10 Jul 2026.
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