"Histologic type, treatment and prognosis of carcinomas of the larynx: A review".

Authors

Andrés Coca-Pelaz, Primoz Strojan, Nina Zidar, Juan P Rodrigo, Abbas Agaimy, Göran Stenman, Orlando Guntinas-Lichius, Roderick Hw Simpson, Alfons Nadal, Alfio Ferlito

Published in

Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology. Jul 14, 2026. Epub Jul 14, 2026.

Abstract

Carcinomas of the larynx encompass a heterogeneous group of tumors with markedly different biological behaviors. Conventional squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for most cases; however, less common non-SCC histologies, including salivary-type tumors, neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC), and NUT carcinoma, exhibit distinct biological behaviors and survival outcomes. Despite these differences, most clinical reports and epidemiological datasets aggregate all laryngeal cancers together, which limit prognostic discrimination and may hinder treatment optimization. This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding the impact of the histologic type on treatment strategies and prognosis in laryngeal carcinomas, highlighting the clinical implications of tumor biology. The survival varies substantially across histologic subtypes, ranging from approximately 95% in verrucous squamous cell carcinoma to 17% in small-cell NEC considering all stages. Salivary-type tumors often follow indolent natural histories. In contrast, NUT carcinoma is associated with rapidly progressive disease and limited organ preservation potential. These variations reflect a spectrum of biological and clinical differences that translate into divergent therapeutic paradigms. The histologic type together with stage and associated comorbidities is a major determinant of treatment modality selection and prognosis in laryngeal carcinomas. Emphasizing histology-based decision-making and refining classification of rare entities may improve the therapeutic precision and clinical outcomes.

PMID:
42443627
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 14 Jul 2026.

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