Authors
Iman Morshedi, Zahra Roodaki, Pejman Gheibi, Ghazal Zamani, Amirhossein Jaberi, JaafarAlsadeq Hasan, Shams Chaloob, Mohammad Teymourzadeh, Sepideh KarkonShayan
Published in
Discover nano. Volume 21. Issue 1. Jul 15, 2026. Epub Jul 15, 2026.
Abstract
The rise of multidrug-resistant microbes, rapidly evolving viruses, and recurring pandemics underscores the urgent need for advanced vaccine technologies. Nanoparticle-based vaccines have emerged as a transformative approach capable of overcoming the major shortcomings of traditional immunization methods. Their nanoscale architecture allows precise antigen targeting, enhanced stability, and controlled release, leading to more potent and durable immune protection. These smart systems can carry multiple antigens or adjuvants, mimic natural pathogens, and efficiently activate immune cells to elicit strong humoral and cellular responses. Various nanoparticle types, lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic, and biomimetic, demonstrate broad potential against infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases in both humans and animals. However, critical barriers remain in mass production, regulatory harmonization, and long-term safety assurance. The integration of nanotechnology with artificial intelligence (AI) and bioengineering now enables rational vaccine design, predictive modeling, and personalized immunization strategies. AI-driven optimization of nanoparticle formulations and immune response prediction are accelerating translational progress. The convergence of these disciplines is shaping a new generation of vaccines that are safer, more effective, and adaptable to global health challenges, paving the way toward precision vaccination for the modern era.
PMID:
42455409
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 15 Jul 2026.
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