On-site detection of #45 transformer oil aging using high-consistency nanoarray flexible SERS aptamer sensors.

Authors

Yu Lei, Xiaojun Yang, Bingfeng Yu, Wenxuan Chen, Dongyun Xu, Lingzhi Qian, Tingzhong Zhang, Jinguo Shen, Zixuan You, Fengjuan Wu, Xu Huang, Ping Wang, Shijun Zhang, Tianyu Hou, Yonggang Fan

Published in

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy. Volume 363. Issue Pt 1. Pages 128425. Jul 11, 2026. Epub Jul 11, 2026.

Abstract

A three-dimensional biomimetic high-consistency nanoarray flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate was developed in this study, based on a cicada wing biological template. An AuAg bimetallic nanoarray with hierarchical nanogap structures was constructed on the cicada wing surface by ion sputtering technology combined with a chemical reduction method, resulting in the formation of high-density plasmonic hot spot regions. The substrate surface was further modified with 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP), a 4-ATP-functionalized cicada wing-supported AuAg SERS substrate was successfully prepared. Additionally, a portable Raman spectroscopy field detection device for furfural in #45 mineral oil was developed, enabling rapid detection of furfural content in transformer oil. It was demonstrated by experimental results that a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 mg/L for furfural in #45 mineral oil was achieved by the detection system, the enhancement factor is 1.86 × 10⁴, meeting the detection requirements for furfural during mild aging of transformer insulation paper. A good fit (R² = 0.977) was yielded by linear regression analysis using the least squares method between the logarithm of furfural concentration in #45 mineral oil and Raman intensity. Furthermore, the performance metrics of the substrate were evaluated by the system: the relative standard deviation (RSD) was found to be 3.54% and 3.06%, indicating good signal repeatability and consistency for furfural; the SERS signal intensity was observed to remain at 93.5% of the initial value after 35 days, confirming the substrate's long-term stability. The method was used to detect 7110 kV transformers in northwest China, and the test results were verified by gas chromatography furfural concentration in #45mineral oil is positively correlated with carbon dioxide content and running time, which fully demonstrates that the portable Raman spectroscopy field inspection device provides reliable technical support for on-site aging assessment and great potential for power system maintenance. A reliable technical means for the rapid on-site detection of furfural in #45 mineral oil is provided by this study, offering significant practical application value for assessing the aging state of oil-paper insulation.

PMID:
42456253
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 16 Jul 2026.

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