Self-Efficacy Intervention Combined With Staged Rehabilitation Training Improves Neurological Function, Motor Performance, and Prognosis in Patients After Traumatic Brain Injury Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Authors

Run Luo, Xuwen Lin

Published in

Annali italiani di chirurgia. Volume 97. Issue 7. Pages 1199-1209. Jul 14, 2026.

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of self-efficacy intervention combined with staged rehabilitation training on neurological function, motor performance, psychological status, and mid-term prognosis in patients after traumatic brain injury (TBI) surgery.
This retrospective cohort study recruited 162 TBI patients who underwent surgical treatment between January 2022 and January 2025. Patients were divided into the observation group (n = 75, routine care + self-efficacy intervention + staged rehabilitation training) and the control group (n = 87, routine care only). The primary outcome was a favourable prognosis (Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS] scores 4-5) at 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included changes in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Barthel Index (BI), 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores, and postoperative complication rates.
Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups (p > 0.05). Post-intervention, the observation group showed significantly lower NIHSS scores (17.57 ± 4.19 vs. 20.14 ± 4.95, p < 0.001) and higher FMA scores for upper (49.84 ± 3.26 vs. 44.57 ± 3.55) and lower limbs (25.84 ± 2.74 vs. 22.68 ± 2.49) than the control group (p < 0.001). The observation group also had higher GSES (31.16 ± 2.83 vs. 26.57 ± 3.19) and BI scores (44.59 ± 4.81 vs. 39.94 ± 4.37), lower SAS (43.61 ± 7.17 vs. 46.34 ± 6.94) and SDS scores (42.17 ± 4.20 vs. 44.25 ± 4.74), and superior SF-36 subscale scores (p < 0.001). The incidence of postoperative complications was lower in the observation group (6.67% vs. 18.39%, p = 0.027). The proportion of favourable prognosis was higher in the observation group (74.67% vs. 56.32%, p = 0.015), and the combined intervention was an independent predictor of favourable outcome (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-4.16, p = 0.035).
Self-efficacy intervention combined with staged rehabilitation training effectively improves neurological function, motor recovery, psychological well-being, daily living ability, and mid-term prognosis, while reducing complications in patients after TBI surgery, representing a valuable clinical rehabilitation strategy.

PMID:
42464833
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 17 Jul 2026.

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