Temporal Trends and Disparities in Hypertension-Related Cardiomyopathy Mortality in the United States, 1999-2023.

Authors

Javeria Akhter, Iqra Taj, Muhammad Umar, Abdulrahman Nasir Al Khatib, Jamil Nasrallah

Published in

Clinical cardiology. Volume 49. Issue 7. Pages e70417.

Abstract

Hypertension and cardiomyopathy are major contributors of cardiovascular morbidity in the United States. This study investigates long-term mortality trends and disparities in hypertension-related cardiomyopathy from 1999 to 2023 in the United States.
Mortality data from CDC WONDER (1999-2023) were evaluated for cardiomyopathy (ICD-10 I42, I42.2, and I42.9) as the primary cause of death and hypertension (ICD-10 I10, I15.0 and I15.9) as a contributing cause among individuals aged ≥ 25 years. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were standardized to the United States 2000 population. Joinpoint regression estimated annual percent change (APC) with 95% confidence intervals.
Between 1999 and 2023, 153 563 deaths were identified. AAMR increased from 1.26 per 100 000 in 1999 to 2.22 in 2023, driven by a significant early rise from 1999 to 2001 (APC: +30.33; p < 0.005). Males had higher mortality than females (2.98 vs. 1.61) with males declining significantly from 2001 to 2023 (APC: -0.64; p < 0.005). NH Black individuals had the highest AAMR (10.81), followed by NH White individuals (5.02). Mortality was higher in non-metropolitan than metropolitan areas (2.71 vs. 2.26), both declining significantly after 2001 (APC: -0.89; -1.69; p < 0.005). South had the highest burden (AAMR: 4.86), while the Midwest rose significantly after 2017 (APC: +4.11; p < 0.005). Adults aged ≥ 85 years had the highest mortality (CMR: 32.79) increasing significantly after 2015 (APC: +2.44 p < 0.005).
Hypertension-related cardiomyopathy mortality rose sharply in 1999-2001 before declining through 2023, with persistent disparities by sex, race, geography, and age. Targeted hypertension control and equitable cardiovascular care remain needed to reduce this burden.

PMID:
42466538
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 17 Jul 2026.

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