Authors
Norizzati Amsah, Zaleha Md Isa, Norfazilah Ahmad, Zaid Kassim, Siti Nor Athirah Mohamad
Published in
The Pan African medical journal. Volume 53. Pages 116. Epub Mar 09, 2026.
Abstract
depression is a significant public health concern among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide. Vitamin D, essential for brain health, plays a role in neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter synthesis, processes linked to depression. However, few studies have explored the association between vitamin D levels and depression in T2DM patients.
this cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and depression among 330 T2DM patients in Johor, Malaysia. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and categorized as deficient (<30 nmol/L), insufficient (30??50 nmol/L), or sufficient (>50 nmol/L). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).
the prevalence of depression was 35.5%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that depression was significantly associated with older age (>60 years) (adjusted OR 2.04, 95% CI: 1.23-3.38), vitamin D deficiency (adjusted OR 4.24, 95% CI: 1.99-8.03), vitamin D insufficiency (adjusted OR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.19-2.71), and the use of both oral and injection medications (adjusted OR 1.86, 95% CI: 1.05-3.31).
ensuring adequate vitamin D levels, particularly in elderly T2DM patients, may reduce the risk of depression, emphasizing the importance of integrated and holistic management strategies. Keywords: Vitamin D, depression, diabetes, mental health, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
PMID:
42465826
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 17 Jul 2026.
Read full publication at:
Please sign in
to see all details.
Advertisement
Stats
- Recommendations n/a n/a positive of 0 vote(s)
- Views 4
- Comments 0