Application and Effectiveness of the Nola Pender Model in Nursing: A Narrative Review.

Authors

Indiana L R Torres, Diana M P Rojas, Gloria L Amell, Santiago G Martínez

Published in

Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research. Volume 31. Issue 3. Pages 366-375. Epub Jun 16, 2026.

Abstract

Health behavior encompasses the behaviors and decisions individuals make regarding their daily activities, which can impact their health and well-being. This study aimed to explore the application and effectiveness of Nola Pender's health promotion model in nursing practice.
This narrative review was conducted between 2018 and 2022. The keywords, such as "Nola, Pender," "lifestyle," "effectiveness," and "Nursing," were used, both in English and Spanish. These keywords were individually searched in international databases, such as Scielo, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were full texts of original articles and articles related to the use and effectiveness of the Nola Pender model in nursing practice. Studies with abstracts only, other nursing models, duplicates, or insufficient methodological rigor were excluded. Each article was evaluated for methodological rigor, clarity of objectives, study design, and relevance to nursing. A total of 32 articles met the criteria.
The analysis of the selected documents identified applications of the model in the promotion of eating habits, sexual and reproductive health, management of arterial hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, participation in community activities and lifestyles in general. The Pender model proved to be effective in adherence to treatment, stress management and cardiovascular disease, hand hygiene, smoking reduction, and exercise promotion.
The scientific literature analyzed shows the effectiveness of the Nola Pender model in nursing practice for health-promoting behaviors both individually and collectively. The model proposed by Pender provides different strategies with beneficial results for the health and well-being of people.

PMID:
42466297
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 17 Jul 2026.

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