Authors
Sion Ha, Doyeon Lee, Dong Won Kim, Won-Sik Kim, Minkyu Lee, Seong-Hyeon Hong, Kyeong-Ho Kim
Published in
Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany). Pages e76701. Jul 17, 2026. Epub Jul 17, 2026.
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising low-cost alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but their energy density remains limited. Hard carbon (HC) offers only modest capacity, while high-capacity LIB anode materials, notably silicon (Si), are ineffective in SIBs due to the unfavorable thermodynamics of Na-rich alloy formation. Here, we report a scalable mechanochemical synthesis of magnesium tetraphosphide (MgP4) and demonstrate that hybrid carbon matrix engineering enables durable and high-capacity anodes. A two-step multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT, T)/graphene(G) assembly, denoted as T2G1 (2:1 T:G by weight), where CNTs are introduced prior to graphene, constructs a continuous conductive and mechanically robust network. In contrast, reversing the assembly order (G2T1) leads to fragmented conductive pathways and inferior structural stability. Multiscale analyses, including cross-sectional resistance mapping and structural characterization, reveal that the optimized matrix promotes uniform charge transport and suppresses structural degradation during cycling. As a result, the MgP4/T2G1 anode delivers stable high-rate performance, retaining 468.5 mAh g-1 over 500 cycles at 1000 mA g-1 (85.3% retention). Furthermore, integrating 30 wt.% MgP4/T2G1 into commercial HC yields a practical composite with a reversible capacity of 146.5 mAh g-1 after 2000 cycles at 1000 mA g-1, corresponding to ∼2.6 times higher capacity than that of pristine HC electrode.
PMID:
42467860
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 18 Jul 2026.
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