Authors
Ayse Nur Parlakyildiz Gokce, Mustafa Gokce
Published in
BMC oral health. Jul 18, 2026. Epub Jul 18, 2026.
Abstract
This study compared in vitro cytotoxicity-related effects of four commercially available 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnishes (Enamelast®, Profluorid®, Polimo®, Proshield®) on human gingival fibroblast cells under standardized exposure conditions.
Varnish-derived supernatants were prepared using a standardized extraction approach and applied to HGF-1 cells at six concentrations ranging from 0.0625% to 2% for 24 h. Cell viability, membrane integrity, and migration were assessed using MTT, LDH release, and wound-healing assays, respectively. Experiments were performed in three independent biological replicates with technical triplicates. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test for concentration-response assays and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for migration analysis.
All four varnishes showed concentration-dependent adverse effects on HGF-1 cells. Polimo® showed the lowest IC₅₀ and the highest LDH release, indicating the least favorable in vitro profile among the tested materials. Enamelast® showed the highest IC₅₀ and a comparatively milder response, while Proshield® and Profluorid® showed an intermediate profile. All varnishes significantly reduced cell migration compared with untreated control cells.
The four tested 5% NaF varnishes showed different cytotoxicity-related response profiles in HGF-1 cells, with Polimo® showing the strongest adverse response and Enamelast.
PMID:
42471628
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 19 Jul 2026.
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