A novel nanosensor for in situ detection of EV-miR-107 enables noninvasive tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment monitoring.

Authors

Yuan Wu, Shihua Luo, Jin Gu, Wei Xu, Min Yang, Jiayu Zhou, Xiaosai Ma, Chonghai Qiu, Muru Xu, Guixian Huang, Liying Zhu, Xunjia Cheng, Hongbo Shen, Qiliang Cai, Feifei Wang

Published in

Journal of nanobiotechnology. Jul 18, 2026. Epub Jul 18, 2026.

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of infectious death globally, creating an urgent need for rapid and non-invasive diagnostics. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising carriers of disease-specific microRNAs with biomarker potential. This study identifies EV-miR-107 as a candidate host-response biomarker for TB, showing significant upregulation in TB patient plasma and a murine BCG infection model. To utilize this finding, an in-situ detection platform named CLiAN (CHA@Lipo@Aptamer Nanosensor) is developed. It utilizes cationic liposomes functionalized with CD63-specific aptamers and encapsulating catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) probes to enable targeted EV fusion, facilitating efficient EV miRNA profiling within two hours. Clinically, CLiAN detects EV-miR-107 with 95.2% sensitivity (AUC = 0.87), outperforming sputum culture (36.4%) and Xpert MTB/RIF (54.5%). It also reliably monitors treatment response via dynamic changes in plasma EV-miR-107 levels (p = 0.001), correlating with clinical outcomes. This work establishes an integrated framework for TB management-from biomarker discovery to diagnostics and treatment monitoring-paving the way for improved point-of-care TB control.

PMID:
42471710
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 19 Jul 2026.

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